The primary role of a substation is voltage transformation. At certain stages, the voltage of electricity is increased to enable efficient transmission over long distances with minimal losses. At other points, the voltage is decreased to safe levels suitable for homes, businesses, and industries.

However, their importance extends far beyond voltage conversion. Substations represent the first line of defense in the power network, protecting it against faults, failures, and outages. Equipped with advanced protection and automation systems, they can quickly isolate potential problems, preventing larger-scale damage and ensuring stability and continuity of supply.

At the same time, substations enhance the overall efficiency of the system by reducing energy losses through smart energy management. They also play a central role in supporting the global energy transition, facilitating the smooth integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar into the grid. In this way, substations make a decisive contribution to the creation of a stable, reliable and sustainable energy infrastructure.

The national electricity network consists of an extensive system of specialized infrastructures designed for the safe and reliable transmission and distribution of electricity. Substations are among the key elements of this system, as they regulate voltage and distribute electricity in ways that ensure efficient and secure operation. Broadly speaking, substations fall into two main categories: • those connected to the transmission network, operating at voltages of 275 kV and above, and • those connected to the distribution network, which generally operate at voltages up to 132 kV.